Indian Classical Music Gharana: Important for state exam , ssc exam, upsc exam

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Hindustani Classical Music Gharanas:

1. Gwalior Gharana:

  • Founder: Nathan Peerbaksh.
  • Characteristics:
  • Emphasizes purity of ragas and clarity of notes.
  • Known for systematic teaching and preservation of ancient compositions.
  • Prominent Exponents: Ustad Haddu Khan, Ustad Nathu Khan, Krishnarao Shankar Pandit, Raja Bhaiyya Poonchwale.

2. Patiala Gharana:

  • Characteristics:
  • Focused on intricate ornamentation and fast-paced taans.
  • Notable for blending Hindustani and Carnatic music elements.
  • Renowned Artists: Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Bade Fateh Ali Khan.

3. Kirana Gharana (UP):

  • Founder: Abdul Kareem Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan.
  • Style:
  • Emphasizes development of a single note (gayaki ang).
  • Known for meditative and introspective style.
  • Legendary Figures: Ustad Abdul Karim Khan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Prabha Atre, Heerabai Badokar.

4. Mewati Gharana (Haryana):

  • Founder: Ustad Ghagge Nazir Khan.
  • Characteristics:
  • Celebrated for emotive rendition of Hindustani classical music.
  • Famous Musicians: Pandit Jasraj, Tarana Singer, Pandit Rattan Mohan Sharma.

5. Jaipur Gharana (Atrauli Gharana):

  • Founder: Ustad Alladiya Khan.
  • Famous Musicians: Vidyagauri Adkar, Malikarjun Mansur, Kishori Amonkar, Ashwini Bhide Deshpande.

6. Sahaswan Gharana (Rampur, UP):

  • Founder: Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan.
  • Famous Musicians: Gulam Mustafa Khan, Ustad Rashid Khan.

7. Agra Gharana:

  • Characteristics:
  • Known for purity of ragas and intricate ornamentation.
  • Blend of dhrupad and khayal styles.
  • Prominent Exponents: Ustad Faiyaz Khan, Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan “Pranpiya”, Dinkar Kakini, Malka Jaan.

Carnatic Music Gharanas:

1. Tanjore Quartet:

  • Contributions:
  • Pioneer in popularizing Bharatanatyam dance.
  • Composed numerous varnams, kritis, and tillanas.

2. Mysore Gharana:

  • Characteristics:
  • Known for intricate rhythmic patterns and tala structures.
  • Prominent musicians: Veena Seshanna, Veena Doraiswamy Iyengar.

3. Palakkad Gharana:

  • Characteristics:
  • Rich repertoire in both vocal and instrumental music.
  • Distinguished artists: Palakkad Mani Iyer, Palghat Raghu.

Sitar and Sarod Gharanas:

1. Maihar Gharana:

  • Founder: Baba Allauddin Khan.
  • Disciples: Pandit Ravi Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan, Annapurna Devi.

2. Etawah Gharana:

  • Characteristics:
  • Known for intricate and complex taans on the sarod.
  • Notable exponents: Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, Ustad Ali Akbar Khan.

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